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Since 2021 to Q1 2024, the US government has made US$4.9 billion in commitments to the mining industry, with a particular on critical minerals supply, with more than 80% of the funding focused on new mine developments, according to a new report by the Payne Institute.

15 bills passed or introduced in US Congress in the last four years have included or have been dedicated to promoting domestic critical mineral mining in some form — as part of a growing awareness on the need to secure critical mineral supply.
The majority of the funds are allocated from legislation including the IIJA, the Energy Act of 2020 and the Inflation Reduction Act, from:
- 83% from the Department of Energy
- 17% from the Department of Defense
And the different forms of financial support include:
- loans (US$2.2B, 47%)
- grants/awards (US$1.8B, 37%)
- tax credits (US$0.8B, 16%)
The report notes that other forms of support are also being considered to “derisk, or make less volatile, critical mineral pricing” and encourage more private investment in both production and processing. This includes:
- government stockpiling (eg similar to SPR)
- price and demand support for producers (eg contracts for differences, options, offtake as last resort, etc)
- bolstering commodities markets (eg loan guarantees)
The commitments and moves highlight a growing awareness and strategy in the US, that the current course of action threatens disaster:
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